Robert Kunzig, writing for National Geographic, has an excellent essay about the rise and role of cities in the late 20th century. It’s a great overview of many of the reasons why urbanization is a fantastic trend and one that we should all hope continues as our global population increases. He also tells several interesting anecdotes about global Alpha cities like Seoul and London.
He notes in passing, however, an unfortunate anti-urbanism strain taking hold. He notes that the South Korean government is trying to intentionally break up Seoul, one of the major engines of their prosperity, in order to “spread the wealth around” and, I get the sense, to return to a more “authentic” culture and lifestyle. This is a truly unfortunate trend since, as Kunzig points out, cities are economically and environmentally superior to a more sprawling agrarian or rural lifestyle.
Being of a philosophical bent, though, I’d also argue against the idea that a rural life is a more authentic one. I believe that human nature naturally inclines us as a species towards life in the Polis. Aristotle said that the city was the natural habitat of the human being. The city is to a human being as the bamboo forest is to a panda. This is an attractive notion to me personally, seeing as how I love cities to an almost unseemly extent, but I think it provides a nice complement to the more practical arguments. Forcing people who want to live in cities, who freely gravitate towards a more densely populated urban environment, to move elsewhere isn’t just a bad idea, it runs contrary to human nature. People tend to react poorly to attempted violations or alterations of their nature and that can lead to any number of social ills. This is articulated very well in Thomas Sowell’s excellent book A Conflict of Visions and especially his discussion of the unconstrained vision.
To try and “encourage” people to abandon the cities to which they’ve freely chosen to migrate is a perfect example of the Unconstrained Vision, as it basically asserts that, despite people’s free personal choices to the contrary, a rural way of life is inherently superior. People may want to live in the city, but what they want is less important than what the government asserts they should want.
Of course Sowell’s point is that conscious quests to reform human nature are doomed to failure. Cities are an emergent expression of human nature and the only way to truly reverse urbanization is to act against that nature. One can’t reform it, it shows no signs of changing on its own, so the only way to counteract it is to do so coercively.
All the evidence that we have seen, from cultures all over the world shows that human beings will choose to live in cities when the option is available to them. As of a few years ago, more people live in cities than in rural areas for the first time in human history. This tipping point zipped by without too much fanfare, but I think it’s a remarkable milestone and one that should be celebrated. It means that, for the first time ever, more than half of our brothers and sisters finally live in their natural environment. More than half the human species is finally able to enjoy the fruits of one of mankind’s greatest developments: the city. This is truly a momentous milestone and we should be happy for that fact and looking forward to the time when three fourths, or nine tenths of people have that same opportunity.
That some people, mostly in the meddling class, see this tidal wave of people choosing to live in the polis as a problem is worrying, since their attempts to reverse the trend can only come to ill one way or another. At best they may waste (our) time and resources fighting the useless fight. At worst, they use coercive force to try and change the calculus. China, in fact, is already well on the path to this second option, having implemented an execrable system of internal passports, meaning that millions of people who want desperately to enjoy the benefits of the city cannot do so without risking imprisonment or death.
Ultimately, though, no government can truly stop the course of humanity. This, indeed, is one of the main points of Sowell’s book. The force of human nature, aggregated over the billions-strong population of the planet, is stronger than any attempt to hold it back. Cities are here to stay and urbanization will continue so long as people continue to strive to fulfill their own goals and desires. No government can stop that, but they can definitely make the process more painful than it needs to be.